Lecture 3: The birth of stars and planets

Further reading

• There's a beautiful illustrated timeline of the Solar System at The Lunar and Planetary Institute's "Evolution of Our Solar System: A Journey through Time" at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timeline/

Source for images

• W5: Pillars of Star Formation, from Astronomy Picture of the Day 2014 December 16 http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap141216.html
• Hubble image of the star forming region Hubble-X in the galaxy NGC 6822: from Astronomy Picture of the Day 2001 February 16 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010216.html
• Orion nebula: from Astronomy Picture of the Day 2006 Jan 19 http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060119.html
• Crab Nebula: from Astronomy Picture of the Day 2002 July 14 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020714.html
• Horsehead Nebula: AAT image by David Malin, http://www.aao.gov.au/images/captions/aat036.html; Orion in gas, dust and stars: image by Rogelio Bernal Andreo (Deep Sky Colors), from APOD 2009 Sep 29 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap090929.html
• Hubble view, from HubbleSite Press Release, 24 April 2001, http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2001/12/
• Simulation of molecular cloud collapse: from Matthew Bate's Animations, http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/mbate/animations.html
• Rotation and collapse: from STARS AND GALAXIES A Hypertext Course by Richard McCray http://cosmos.colorado.edu/cw2/courses/astr1120/text/chapter9/l9S3.htm
• Collapsing globules: from NASA's Observatorium: Birth of Stars http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/exhibits/stellarbirth/opening1.html
• Animation of the birth of the solar system: from Chris Tinney's home page http://www.aao.gov.au/local/www/cgt/cgthome/homepage.html
• Great Nebula in Orion: mosaic of HST images by C. O'Dell and S. Wong, Astronomy Picture of the Day 1999 May 22 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990522.html
• Triffid Nebula: photo byJim and Janet Castano/Adam Block, Astronomy Picture of the Day 2003 September 1 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030901.html; HST image of pillars and jets: Astronomy Picture of the Day 2001 December 30 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap0111230.html
• Pillar in Carina: from APOD 2009 Oct 1 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap091001.html
• Rosette Nebula: CFHT picture by J. C. Cuillandre & G. Fahlman, Astronomy Picture of the Day 2002 March 17 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020317.html
• Star formation: from "Cultivating a Planetary Garden: How Long Does it Take?" http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=927
• Proplyd: from Astronomy Picture of the Day 1996 October 17, http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap961017.html
• Protostellar disk: from "MIRLIN Star/Planet Formation Page" http://cougar.jpl.nasa.gov/HR4796/anim.html
• Ice line: from Windows to the Universe http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/jupiter/atmosphere/J_evolution_3.html
• Disk around proto-Jupiter: http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge133/
• Runaway growth: from http://www.usm.uni-muenchen.de/people/gehren/vorlesung/4.1_Himmelsmechanik/kosmogonie/dia_10.html
• Newly formed Neptune: by Don Dixon, from Scientific American, September 1999 issue http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00050729-BAAC-1C73-9B81809EC588EF21
• Comet Shoemaker-Levy: Hubble images, from HubbleSite News Archive, http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/26/ andhttp://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/32/
• Planet formation: http://gallery.spitzer.caltech.edu/Imagegallery/image.php?image_name=ssc2008-19a
• Moon formation: from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis
• Pillar in Carina: from APOD 2009 Oct 1 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap091001.html
• Moon origin paintings: image by Fahad Sulehria http://www.novacelestia.com/images/earth_impact_moon_space_art.html
• Volcano: Santa Maria, by Jeffrey Johnson http://earth.unh.edu/johnson/VOLCANO_PAGES/SANT.htm
• Southern Cross and Centaurus: from http://webpages.charter.net/alsonwongweb/centauru.htm
• Earth: View of the Earth from space, Eastern hemisphere, from "The Blue Marble: True-color global imagery at 1 km resolution"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/BlueMarble/; Mars, from Hubble Release, 5 July 2001, http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2001/24/
• Rulers in space: from "How to Measure the Universe" http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/pia14095.html
• Motion due to parallax: from DISTANCES TO NEARBY STARS AND THEIR MOTIONS: An Introductory Astronomy Lab, http://www.astro.washington.edu/labs/parallax/parallax_distance.html
• Nearest stars: from The Big Blog Theory, March 2010 http://thebigblogtheory.wordpress.com/2010/03/
• Distances of stars in the Southern Cross: from "Distances" by Peter Caldwell, http://users.netconnect.com.au/~astronet/dist.html. Used with permission.
• Eta Carinae in infrared: from Astronomy Picture of the Day 2000 June 13 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000613.html
• Hubble Space Telescope image of Wolf 359: from http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/aas96sum.html
• Evolution of a sun-like star: from ESO, "Brightness Variations of Sun-like Stars: The Mystery Deepens", http://www.eso.org/public/usa/news/eso0948/

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Last updated 23 October 2018